Explosive-engine.



Y E GATHMANN EXrLosm: ENGINE. y urmoA'rIoN FILED our 2s 1901 966,366. l

` Patent@ Ju1y5, 1910.

EMIL GATHMANN, F BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA.

. ExPLosIvE-ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 5, 1910.

Application mea october 2s, leo?.l serial No. 399,448.

To-aZZ whom 'it 'may concern:

Be it known that I, EMU. GATHMANN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Bethlehem, in the county of Northampton and State ofPennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement inExplosivethereon. The

Engines, of which .the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that type of explosive engines or motors, knowntolthose familiar with the artl as the two cycle en-` g1ne,and the,objects of my improvements are, rst, to provide a means whereby I obtain a maximum charge of explosive mixture for each revolution of thecrank shaft; and second, to inject such increased charoe of explosivemixture into the explosive llambe'r of the engine in such a manner thatthe burned gases remaining over from a previous charge will all bedriven out of the said chamber in a manner more effectively than hasbeen accomplished hitherto; third, to produce the results as abovestated at high speeds oi thepiston and with fewer operating parts thanhas before been ossible. I attain these objects by means of t 1emechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawing and hereafter morefully described.;

Figure l is a vertical section of the engine on line 1-l of Fig. 2,showing the inlet orts from the cranklchamber to the cyliner. Fig. 2 isa vertical section of engine on line 2-2 of Fig. l showing the inletport for explosive mixture from the source of supply to the crankchamber,- a modified form of exhaust port being shown. Fig. 3

is a modied form of crank disk` and shaft.

. Similar letters refer to like parts throughout the several views.

The piston of the engine is designated at A, the cylinder atB,.erankchamber at D, primary"intake port at C, which intake port 1sshown fitted with .usual form of puppetvalve E.

The cylinder B may be of the air or water eooled'type. I- have shown itas of th'e air cooled type, radiating ribs b being provided iston A isconnected to the crank-shaft M y any usual or desiredform of piston roda andcrank af, the connection to the piston being made by the pin c.'lhese and Aseveral otherffeatures common to this type of engineA do notforni a part ot' my invention and will therefore not be furtherspecifically described.

-central lpiston ignition of the Detailed description of t-he engine'and its operations is as follows:

The piston A makes an inward stroke from R to S within the cylinder B,thereby causing a partial vacuum in the crankchamber D, and drawing theexplosive lnixture through the primary intake port (l which is fittedwith valve E.- On the following outward stroke of the piston rh, themixture is compressedin the crank-chamber D, the valveE being in closedposition at this time, and as the piston A uncovers the inlet port F inthe cylinder B with a regis-` vtering inlet ton, the pressure within thecrank-chamber I) drives a portion of its contents into the portion ofthe cylinder B through the said registering ports F, and G, the e liveryor nozzle en d Il of the latter port beying located on approximately thelongitudinal axis ot' the inner portion ofthe piston A, while the intakeor registering mouth of said port is located on the periphery of thesaid piston, piston rings z' being preferably litted and provided onbothsides of said intake mouth. On the next inward stroke of the piston A,the charge is compressed to position as shown in dotted outline of thecharge being accomplished at approximately this art of the stroke bymea-ns of the lgniter The pressure rising upon the combustion of thecharge, the piston makes an outward stroke, exhausting the expanded orpartially expanded charge through the (peripheral exaust port K, whichis opene by being uncovered by the piston A, the gases of the chargereaching approximately 'atmospheric pressure in the cylinder B by thetime the port K is fully uncovered by the said plston, the gasesissuing' uninterruptedly into the annular' primary exhaust chamber K andthence to the atmosphere by means ofexhaust pipe K for convenience ofconduction. The peripheral exhaust port K may be divided into severalpassages by means of-webs W as shown in Fig. l, but I prefer a clearannular opening as shown in Fig. 2f

In the meantime a fresh charge of explosive mixture having beendrawniuto the crank- `chamber D througlL primaryinlet port C, by theinward stroke of the piston- A, has been compressed in the crank-chamberby the outward stroke of the said piston, and the inlet ports F and Gagain registering port Gr located in the said pis- 59 -A- centriu a orsuction fan O is however immediately 'after the exhaust perl K has beenfully uncovered, a portion ofthe con tents of the crank-chamber D, rushthrough the aforesaid registering inlet ports F and G and issuinginwardly from the dellvery nozzle' Il in a practically homogeneous istream, impact .upon the dome shaped cylinder head L, effectivelydriving the remaining products of the previous combustion out throughthe exhaust port K which lremains uncovered at this time. The' incomingcharge impactingupon the central portion of the cylinder head L in ahomogeneous stream by its rebound in mass and by its excess of pressuredisplaces the dead or exhaust charge bodily, and the latter all issuesthrough the uncovered exhaust port K without any material mixing ofthesame with the new charge, as the former -i'sbodily displaced downwardand outwardlyy b the expanding of the denser and coo er 'fresh i charge,into the primary exhaust chamber K' and thence into the atmospherethrough the pipe K. Y

`In order to insure of a maximum quantity of fresh charge entering'thecrank-chamber D, the primary inlet port C is located `on approximatelythe axial line of the crankshaft M, where the vacuum orv suction isnaturally the strongest, 'due to the motion of the moving parts in thecrank-chamber, the highest pressure being obviously at the periphery andthe lowest 'at center of motion.

Passa e 'N locatedabout vone of the crank-A shaft' earings rovidesopenings from the crank chamber to theA inlet port C, when 4 the valve Eis in open position. The number and cross section of these openingsshould besuch that'the-low of the charg` passing throuhgthe primary'*port C w` not be reduce degree.v This passa e N mi ht y directly inthecra shaft and crankdisk M when thesamev is of suliicient size toallow of this construction' as shown in located Fig.v '3, wherecrank-shaft M is shown as provided with a single centralopening I andthe crank disk M with a number of radial or tan entially disposedopenings O.

preferably ocated at the intake end of the crank-shaft M which fan actsas an assistant orauxiliar to the pull of the partial vacuum-induced7 inthe crank-chamber D by the inward movement of the piston A, thus anincreased ilow of the charge of explosive mixture into the crank-chamberD, from the primary intake port C. This action is of especial value whenthe engine is running at ahigh rate of speed, as the pull or inductionof theran increaseswith the'speed of rotationthereof, whereas the amountof induced/vacuum due to. the inward motion of 'the 'piston remainsyractically constant or is really somewhat ess at or-retarded in an'material and disk constructe as shown 1n 3 would act in a mannersimilar to a and as stated'might be used in engines where suchconstruction could be applied. A higher compression is obviously moreadhigh, than at lo'w s' eed. Y The 'A vantageous in the crank chamberwhen the pistonfA is in ra iclmotion than when the same moves slowr y,as the interval ottime during which the ports F and G register,

and during which the exhaust port K 1s unas the higher the speed thegreater the vol-A ume o the 'charge that is taken into thev crank-camber, and consequently the higher its compression therein upon theoutward stroke of the piston. The required volume .of charge-will thusbe forcedv into the cylinder in proportionally less time as the speed ofthe engine increases. The fresh charoe entering the cylinder B throughthe noz e or mouth 'II of intake port G which nozzle as shown in thedrawing approaches closely' to the igniter I, the charge about saidigniter a will be ot greatest richness at this oint and willtherefore-insureof ready ignltion 'atv the desired instant. Also theigniter I will'be cooled by each inrushing charge as ,it impacts uponthe same, thus the danger of premature ignitions w1ll beprevented suchas 'sometimes occur in the usual electric irings when the igniterremains very hot from revious electric sparks-and explosion o charge.

Having thus I claim is: y

1. In a two-cycle internal combustion engine, the combination of a crankcase and described my invention, what 'a crank shaft therein, an intakeVpassage leading. to the crank case and located concentrically with thecrank sha-ft, a suction fan located within 'the crank case adjacent tosaid intake passage and adapted to be vdriven vby the crank shaft, and apassage leading from the crank'case to the explosion chamber.

' 2. 'In a two cycle internal combustion en gine, the combination of acrank case and a crank shaft therein, 'a plrimary intake passage locatedconcentrica y with the crank shaft. and leading tion fanlocated'in-thecrank case adjacent to the' intake passage,.secondaryintake passages located in the cylinder walls and workp ing piston headrespectively, said passages to the crank case, a sucleading from thecrank case and registering at a predetermined position of piston strokeand an annular exhaust port and chamber located above the said secondaryintake assage in the cylinder as shown and descri d.

3. In a two cycle internal combustion engine, the combination of a crankcase and a crank shaft therein, a primary intake passage locatedlconcentrically with the crank shaft and leading to the crank-case, acrank disk secured to the said shaft, means for inducing suction locatedwithin said crank case said means being formed in the crank disk,secondary intake passages leading from the crank case and located in thecylinder walls and Working piston respectively, said passagesregistering at a predetermined po- 4. In a two cycle internal combustionenl giney the combination of a crank chamber av crank shaft locatedtherein, take assage entering said chamber, a suction ian located insaid chamber adjacent to the intake driven by the eating the exp passageand adapted to be crank shaft, and a communiassage from the crankchamber to osion chamber. p l

, EMIL GATHMANN.

l Witnesses:

ISABEL GATHMANN, R. W. LEIBERT.

a primary in-4

